tachinidae

Tachinidae

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Tachinidae

Family Tachinid flies, Tachinidae.
There are species with a length of 2 cm, but also with a length of 2 mm. The colours are very different. Most tachinidae have many bristles.

The larvae develop inside a living host. Mostly the host will be killed. The host can be a caterpillar, larvae of beetles, sawflies etc.

The family Tachinidae is divided in subfamilies. Namely: Dexiinae, Exoristinae, Phasiinnae, Tachininae. These subfamilies are divided in Tribes. The Tribes are divided in genera.

Subfamily Dexiinae

"Ovo-larviparous": The eggs either hatch inside the body or immediately after laying.

Tribe Dexiini.

Prosena siberita. Subfamily Dexiinae. Tribe Dexiini. Family Tachinidae. Not in the garden but in the dunes about 4 km from our house.
It looks like the Dexiosoma caninum I think. Like the much smaller Siphona it has a long thin snout. Especially in sandy areas, dry meadows. On flowers. Length: 8-12 mm.
Hosts: Larvae of Scarab Beetles (Scarabaeidae).
June-October One generation. Europe, Asia. Photos 17-7-2014.

Prosena siberita. Finally photographed in our garden in 2020. 26-7-2020

Tribe Voriini

Campylocheta praecox / Campylochaeta praecox. Subfamily Dexiinae. Tribe Voriini. Family Tachinidae.
Campylochaeta praecox looks like other tachinid flies, but you only can find this fly in spring. The shins are slightly reddish.
Hosts: Feathered Thorn (Colotois pennaria), Scalloped Oak (Crocallis elinguaria) and Peach Blossom (Thyatira batis).
End March-end May. One generation. Europe. Photos 01-04-2012.

Eriothrix rufomaculata, Eriothrix rufomaculatus. Subfamily Dexiinae. Tribe Voriini. Family Tachinidae.

Eriothrix rufomaculata, Eriothrix rufomaculatus. Subfamily Dexiinae. Tribe Voriini. Family Tachinidae.
I read somewhere, this fly is a parasite especially of caterpillars of snot moths (Pyralidae). But I am not sure. Length 10-15 mm.
June-October (sometimes in May). Europa. German: Rotgefleckten Raupenfliege.

Ramonda spathulata. Subfamily Dexiinae. Tribe Voriini. Family Tachinidae.
The larvae are parasitoids of caterpillars of the owlet moth (Noctuidae)
According to Theo Zeegers they are not so common in the Netherlands, but more often seen in the dune area.
April-October (The most in May-June). Photos 6-5-2010.

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Voria ruralis. Subfamily Dexiinae. Tribe Voriini. Family Tachinidae.
Chris Raper: From the steep m-cu vein and lack of median discals. (detail wing.)
Host: Plusia (especially P. gamma ). On foliage and flowers.
May-November (Especially Augustus - September). Europe. Photos 22-9-2010.

They can be grayer. Photos 18-9-2012, 30-9-2012.

Subfamily Exoristinae (or Goniinae)

"Oviparous": The female lays eggs or "Ovo-larviparous": The eggs either hatch inside the body or immediately after laying.

Tribe Blondeliini

Male.

Female. Gastrolepta anthracina. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Blondeliini. Family Tachinidae.
A small fly. In May I see a lot of them in the garden. The fly has shiny black abdomen with two white bands (females) or three white bands (males). Length 4-6 mm.
May-September. 2 generations. Europe, rare in South Europe. Photos male 18-5-2009. Photos female 26-8-2012.

Meigenia. Male. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Blondeliini. Family Tachinidae.
From these photos it is not possible to determine this Meigenia. In the Netherlands there are four species. Meigenia dorsalis, Meigenia mutabilis, Meigenia uncinata, Meigenia incana. Photos 16-4-2019.

. Meigenia mutabilis. Not quite sure!!! Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Blondeliini. Family Tachinidae.
It was sunbathing on an euphorbia. On leaves and flowers. April-October. Numerous generations.
Host: different leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) but also Athalia Family sawflies (Symphyta). Europe. Photos 10-8-2009.

Oswaldia muscaria. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Blondeliini. Family Tachinidae.

Oswaldia muscaria. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Blondeliini. Family Tachinidae.
A fly with as many other a gray-white pattern on the abdomen. No hairy eyes. Often on leaves. April to June. One generation.
Host: Various species of Geometridae and Noctuidae. Europe. Photos 11-4-2012.

Paracraspedothrix montivaga. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Blondeliini. Family Tachinidae.

Paracraspedothrix montivaga. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Blondeliini. Family Tachinidae.
Very small (first photo left). Host: unknown.
May-October. Several generations. Europe. Photos 4-10-2012.

Detail wing

Vibrissina turrita. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Blondeliini. Family Tachinidae.
Vibrissina debilitata is very similar. But this species doesn't live in the Netherlands.
Hosts: Numerous sawflies (Tenthredinidae and Argidae).
On foliage. June-October. Two generations. Europe.

Details.

Photos 5-9-2010.

Tribe Eryciini

. Epicampocera succincta. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Eryciini. Family Tachinidae.
A shiny blue fly. This fly is a parasite especially of caterpillars of Whites. (family Pieris)
And these caterpillars are in the garden. In spring on foliage. In summer they visit flowers.
April-October. Two generations. Europe. Photos 24-5-2009, 20-9-2012.

The caterpillars of a large white eating Annual Honesty or Silver Dollar (Lunaria annua).

Huebneria affinis. Probably. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Eryciini. Family Tachinidae.

Huebneria affinisProbably. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Eryciini. Family Tachinidae.
A tachinid fly with orange red, hairy eyes. The scutellum is shiny brown. It looks like the Carcelia species, but the tibiae of Huebneria affinis are dark.
Host: Especially the caterpillars of the Arctiinae.
April-September. Two generations. Europe. Photos 27-7-2014.

Nilea hortulana (not quite sure!!). Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Eryciini. Family Tachinidae.
Host: Species of Acronicta (Noctuidae) rarer on other Noctuidae, Lymantriidae genus Dasychira en Orgyia or Notodontidae genus Phalera.
May-August. Probably two generations. Europe. Photos 31-5-2009.

.. . Phryxe cf. vulgaris. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Eryciini. Family Tachinidae.
cf: not quite certain..
Comment Chris raper: Looks like a Phryxe cf. vulgaris to me (upturned, crossed apical scutellars, hairy eyes, bluish-grey dusting on frons etc.) but it seems quite early in the year for that species.
Perhaps because the beautiful weather in the Netherlands in March.
Often on flowers. April-October. Several generations. Host: Large butterflies, Noctuidae, Geometridae Europe. Photos 4-2-2012.

Phryxe nemea. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Eryciini. Family Tachinidae. Male.

Phryxe nemea. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Eryciini. Family Tachinidae. Male.
Shiny, dark. A small part of the scutellum is brown.
On leaves, in summer also on flowers. April - October (Also earlier). Several generations.
Host: Many species of Macrolepidoptera, very rarely in a few Microlepidoptera. Strongly hairy caterpillars are avoided. Europe. Photos 24-3-2014.

Tribe Exoristini

Bessa parallela. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Exoristini. Family Tachinidae.
Probably, for the Bessa selecta is very similar. A small tachinid fly.
Bessa selecta: May-October. Several generations. They occasionally visit flowers. About 5 mm. Host: Especially numerous sawflies (Tenthredinidae). Europe.
Bessa parallela: May-September. Several generations. They don't visit flowers. About 5 mm. Host: Several Microlepidoptera. Especially ermine moths (Yponomeutidae), tortrix moths (Tortricidae) and snout moths (Pyralidae). Europa.
Besides the hosts, there is only a slight difference according to my guide. Namely: Terites 3 and 4 with discal bristles for selecta and Tergite 3 without, tergite 4 almost always without discal bristles for parallela. Photos 17-9-2013.

Phorocera assimilis. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Exoristini. Family Tachinidae.

Phorocera assimilis. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Exoristini. Family Tachinidae.
Not quite certain. Phorocera grandis is also possible, but this tachinid fly is very rare in the Netherlands.
The scutellum is partially brown. April-June. One generation.
Host: Owlet moths (Noctuidae) en Geometer moths (Geometridae).
Length 7-14 mm. Europe. Photos 9-5-2013.

Photographed some days later. 14-5-2013. Length 14 mm and very dark. It is very similar to a Sarcophaga but it is also a Phorocera assimilis.

Phorocera obscura. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Exoristini. Family Tachinidae.

Phorocera obscura. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Exoristini. Family Tachinidae.
In April there are many in the garden. April - June. One generation.
Host: Especially Geometer moths (Geometridae).
Length 4-11 mm. A great difference!! Their size as adults depends largely on the health of their larval hosts.
Europe. Photos 12-4-2012. Photo couple 20-4-2012.

Tribe Goniini

. Blepharipa pratensis. Synonym Panzeria rudis. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Goniini. Family Tachinidae.
It is a rather large fly. Slightly larger than a bluebottle. On internet you can read about investigations with the Blepharipa pratensis. Because it is a parasite of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar. A day active moth. This moth is a pest in North America.
On foliage. April-July. One generation. Europa. Photos 9-5-2009.

This is the caterpillar of the gypsy moth. It walked on the same shrub.

Cyzenis albicans. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Goniini. Family Tachinidae.

Cyzenis albicans. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Goniini. Family Tachinidae.
Host: Operophthera brumata (Geometridae). But also other species Geometridae, Noctuidae and Plutelidae.
On leaves. Here on a leaf of a red currant. I had marmalade on the leaf to photograph flies.
April-June. One generation. Europe. Photos 3-4-2012 and 5-4-2012.

14-4-2014. Much paler.

Eumea mitis (probably). Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Goniini. Family Tachinidae.
Host: Various Torticidae, Pyralidae and Psychidae
On foliage. April-October. Two generations. Europa. Photo 25-9-2010.

Gonia ornata. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Goniini. Family Tachinidae.

Gonia ornata. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Goniini. Family Tachinidae. Not in the garden but in the dunes about 4 km from our house.
The head of Gonia's is quite striking.
Hot dry areas, especially sandy areas, such as the dunes here.
Host: The larvae of owls (Noctuidae) namely Agrotis, Euxoa, Mamestra, Colocasia, Plusia. But they are also seen occasionally on tussock moths (Lymantriidae), snout moths (Lasiocampidae) and bagworm moths (Psychidae).
March-end of May. Especially late April. Europe. Photos 21-4-2013, 22-4-2013.

A very youg Gonia.

Ocytata pallipes Subfamily Exoristinae, Tribe Goniini Family: Tachinidae

Ocytata pallipes wing Subfamily Exoristinae, Tribe Goniini Family: Tachinidae

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Ocytata pallipes. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Goniini. Family Tachinidae.
An easily identifiable fly. Features: A gray body. Orange legs. In the wing the topvein is lacking. The photos are unfortunately not very clear.
Host: Earwigs Common earwig or European earwig (forficula auricularia), forficula tomis, Chelidurella acanthopygia On foliage en on flowers.
May-October (The most in July-August) 2 generations. Europe. Photos 17-10-2011.

Pales pavida. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Goniini. Family Tachinidae.
Length 5-10 mm
April-September. Two generations.
Hosts: Many species Macolepidoptera and some Microlepidoptera. Europe. Photos 30-8-2010.
According to Theo Zeegers there are only 2 bluish Tachinidae: Pales and Epicampocera.

Photos 17-10-2010.

Sturmia bella. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Goniini. Genus Goniini. Family Tachinidae. Female.

Sturmia bella. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Goniini. Tachinidae. Female.
Hosts: Often caterpillars from the Nymphalidae family. White face, red eyes. Abdomen with black bands.
May-October. Europe. Photo 23-9-2023.

Tribe Winthemiini.

Male.

Female Nemorilla floralis. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Winthemiini. Family Tachinidae.
Less bristles on black legs than many other tachinid flies. A white collar with red-brown hairs. Red hairy eyes. Wings partially darkened. The other species in the Netherlands is Nemorilla maculosa.
Host: Many Microlepidoptera and rare some Macrolepidoptera.
May-October. Several generations. Europe. Photos 30-10-2013, 18-4-2014.

Smidtia conspersa. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Winthemiini. Family Tachinidae.
A fly with as many other a gray-white pattern on the abdomen. The scutellum is shiny brown. Hairy eyes.
Often on leaves. April to June. One generation.
Host: mainly Geometridae, but also Orthosia (Noctuidae). Europe. Photos 14-4-2012.

Winthemia quadripustulata. Male. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Winthemiini. Family Tachinidae.

Winthemia quadripustulataMale. Subfamily Exoristinae. Tribe Winthemiini. Family Tachinidae.
Dark and light gray longitudinal stripes on the thorax, a brown shield and a brown rear of the abdomen.
Host: mainly Noctuidae. especially Cucullia. Rarer on Geometer, Notodintidae, Nymphalidae and Arctiidae.
May-October. Europe. Photos 4-5-2014.

Subfamily Phasiinae

Phasiinae are parasitoids of Heteroptera. (Exept Strongygaster) Their abdomen has a few or no bristles.
"Oviparous": The female lays eggs.

Tribe Phasiini

Gymnosoma nitens. Subfamily Phasiinae. Tribe Phasiini. Family Tachinidae. Not in the garden but in the dunes about 4 km from our house.
This fly looks like the Gymnosoma nudifrons, Gymnosoma rotundatum . But it is smaller and the spots on the abdomen have another shape.
Length: About 4 mm. Ma September. Two generations. It overwinters as a larva within the host.
Europe. The larvae are parasites of the bugs of the family True Shieldbugs (Pentatomidae) Photos 4-8-2012.

Gymnosoma nudifrons, Gymnosoma rotundatum. Subfamily Phasiinae. Tribe Phasiini. Family Tachinidae.

Gymnosoma nudifrons, Gymnosoma rotundatum. Subfamily Phasiinae. Tribe Phasiini. Family Tachinidae. Not in the garden but in the dunes about 4 km from our house.
Gymnosoma nudifrons, Gymnosoma rotundatum are very similar. In The Netherlands Gymnosoma rotundatum is rare.
The front part of the thorax is brown with dark lines in the length. The back part of the thorax is black. The abdomen is yellowish-red with black dots. Length: About 6-10 mm
Gymnosoma nudifrons: May-September. Gymnosoma rotundatum: May-October. Europe.
The larvae are parasites of the bugs of the family True Shieldbugs (Pentatomidae). Photos 4-8-2012.

Phasia hemiptera. Subfamily Phasiinae. Tribe Phasiini. Family Tachinidae.
The fly looks like a hoverfly. It misses the bristles of many other Tachinidae.
The female lays their eggs on shieldbugs. The main hosts are (Pentatoma rufipes) and the Green shield bug (Palomena prasina).
This is a female. The male is more colourful and has beautiful curved patterned wings. Length: 12-15 mm. Northern and Southern Europe.
April-September. Two generations. Photos 19-8-2009. The last time I have seen this fly in our garden.

Phasia hemiptera. male Subfamily Phasiinae. Tribe Phasiini. Family Tachinidae.

4-8-2012: A male phasia hemiptera in the dunes near our house.

Phasia barbifrons. Subfamily Phasiinae. Tribe Phasiini. Family Tachinidae.
This is also a parasite of bugs. (It is not known to me which), but this fly is much smaller than the Phasia Hemiptera. It looks like Phasia pusilla. But Phasia pusilla has dark halteres. Phasia barbifrons has yellow halteres and a hairy parafrontal (forehead to the eyes.)
The thorax is completely matt-black. Length: about 4 mm.
Europe. July to October. Two generations. Photos 22-9-2010.

Subclytia rotundiventris Familie sluipvliegen (Tachinidae).

Subclytia rotundiventris. Subfamily Phasiinae. Tribe Phasiini. Family Tachinidae.
According Chris Raper: Maybe a slightly teneral Subclytia rotundiventris. The fly has a gray thorax and orange abdomen. This fly has gray spots. These spots are usually not so good to see. In the middle of the abdomen on each segment is a dark triangular spot.
Length: about 4 mm. May-September.
The larvae are parasites of the bugs of the family stink bugs (Pentatomidae) and Acanthosomatidae. Photo 29-8-2010.

Subclytia rotundiventris with an orange abdomen. Photo 18-9-2023.

Tribe Cylindromyiini.

.. Cylindromyia pusilla. Subfamily Phasiinae. Tribe Cylindromyiini. Family Tachinidae. Niet in de tuin, maar in de duinen ongeveer 4 km van ons huis.
A slender dark fly with partially red abdomen. In the Netherlands are six other similar species: Cylindromyia bicolor, C. brassicaria, C. brevicornis, C. intermedia, C. interrupta, C. rufifrons.
Length: about 6 mm. May - September. Europe. Photos 24-6-2014.

Phania funesta. Subfamily Phasiinae. Tribe Cylindromyiini. Family Tachinidae.
A small black tachinid fly. A parasite of bugs. Length 3.5-5 mm. June-September. Photos 14-7-2019.

Subfamily Tachininae.

"Ovo-larviparous": The eggs either hatch inside the body or immediately after laying.

Tribe Ernestiini

Zophomyia temula. Subfamily Tachininae. Tribe Ernestiini. Family Tachinidae.
A shiny black fly. The base of the wing is yellow orange. Length: about 4 mm.
Host: Unknown. April-August. One generation. Europe. Photos 13-6-2012.

Ernestia rudis. Subfamily Tachininae. Tribe Ernestiini. Family Tachinidae.

Ernestia rudis. Subfamily Tachininae. Tribe Ernestiini. Family Tachinidae. It's a robust, dark shiny tachinid fly. The scutelum is brown. The dark antennae are brown in the middle. A brown part on the side of the abdomen. In the wings a darkened cross vein. Usually seen on the leaves.
Host: Some Noctuidae like Pine Beauty (Panolis flammea), Orthosia.
May-July. One generation. Photos 14-4-2014.

Eurithia anthophila. Subfamily Tachininae. Tribe Ernestiini. Family Tachinidae.
An old fly. The only one I've seen. A dark fly with a white face.
Hosts found: Arctiidae (Spilosoma lutea, Spilosoma menthastri), Notodontidae (Ptilodon capucina), Noctuidae (Mamestra oleracea, Mamestra persicariae).
July-September. One generation. Photo 7-9-2008.

Tribe Linnaemyini

Linnaemya-tesselansr-2-6-9-.jpg (93280 bytes)

Linnaemya tessellans. Subfamily Tachininae. Tribe Linnaemyini. Family Tachinidae.
Linnaemya tessellans is difficult to determine with photos, because Linnaemya picta is very similar. It visits flowers.
Host Noctuidae - Amathes c-nigrum.
May-September. Two generations. In September there are many in our garden. Europe, rare in South Europe. Photos 6-9-2009.

Linnaemya vulpina. Subfamily Tachininae. Tribe Linnaemyini. Family Tachinidae. Not in the garden but in the dunes about 4 km from our house.
The scutellum is partly orange red. The abdomen orange red with a black stripe in the middle and with whitish spots. The thorax with longitudinal stripes.
It prefers warm open areas (heath, meadows). The fly in this photo was in a heathland. July - September. One generation. Hosts: Noctuidae
Europe. More common in Central and Southern Europe. Photos 19-08-2013.

Lypha dubia. male Subfamily Tachininae. Tribe Linnaemyini. Family: Tachinidae.

Male. Lypha dubia. Subfamily Tachininae. Tribe Linnaemyini. Family Tachinidae.
The male is shiny brown. The female is grey.
Often on foliage and tree trunks. April-June. One generation.
Hosts: Wintermoths (Operophtera brumata) and different species of the family leafrollers (Tortricidae).
Europe. Photos 01-04-2012.

Tribe Macquartiini.

Macquartia tenebricosa. Subfamily Tachininae. Tribe Macquartiini. Family Tachinidae.

A shiny grey fly. April-October. Two of three generations.
Hosts: Chrysomelinae, especially Chrysolina varians). Europe. Photos 06-04-2012.

Female Macquartia cf tenebricosa (probably) Photo 28-5-2013.

Tribe Microphthalmini.

Dexiosoma caninum. Subfamily Tachininae. Tribe Microphthalmini. Family Tachinidae.
A striking fly with a light brown back, and beautiful eyes.
The antennae are not as long as the antennae of many species.
I read the larvae parasite the larvae of the cockchafer. But I have no cockchafer in the garden. I have many Garden Chafers (Phyllopertha horticola). They are family. Perhaps....... But I don't know.
June-September. Europe. Photos 7-7-2012, 15-6-2009.

Tribe Minthoini

Mintho rufiventris. Subfamily Tachininae. Tribe Minthoini. Family Tachinidae.
Comments: It has large orange patches on sides of the abdomen.
The larvae are parasitoids of caterpillars of the moth Orthopygia glaucinalis or Herculia glaucinalis (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) and probably of the moth Ostrinia nubilalis, Myelois (Pyralidae) Bembecia ichneumoniformis (Sesiidae).
May-September. Europe. Photos 24-05-2010, 31-8-2013.

Tribe Siphonini

Siphona spec. Subfamily Tachininae. Tribe Siphonini. Family Tachinidae.
A small fly. About 5 mm. Spec. because I don't exactly know which species it is. You can't determine this fly from a photo.
You can recognize Siphona to its long snout. You can see it on the photo. The downward curved abdomen is also striking. Photos 12-06-2011 and 14-09-2010.

14-4-2014. Much paler.

Tribe Tachinini

Peleteria spec. Familie sluipvliegen (Tachinidae).

Peleteria rubescens. Subfamily Tachininae. Tribe Tachinini. Family Tachinidae.

The family can be recognized on the two hairs on the photo next to the bottom of the eye.
We have only this species in the Netherlands. Especially in and near the dunes.
Europe. Photos 6-8-2010, 12-09-2010.

Tachina fera Subfamily Tachininae. Tribe Tachinini Family: Tachinidae

Tachina fera or Tachina magnicornis. Subfamily Tachininae. Tribe Tachinini. Family Tachinidae.
It looks like Tachina fera. Tachina magnicornis: The black belt on the back is wider and wider at the end. (not always)
It is very easy to recognize by the red back with the black stripe in the middle and the stiff hairs.
The larva of the Tachina fera feed on caterpillars.
Length: 9-16 mm. Photos 30-8-2008, 14-9-2008.

Tachina grossa. Subfamily Tachininae. Tribe Tachinini. Family Tachinidae. Not in the garden but in the dunes about 4 km from our house.
It's a very big shiny black fly with a yellow head. The largest tachinid fly of Europe.
Length 15-19 mm. July-August. One generation (in the Nederlands)
Hosts: Caterpillars of the family Lasiocampidae. Macrothylacia rubi, Lasiocampa quercus and the family Lymantriidae. Photos 27-7-2012.

Tribe Triarthriini

Triarthria setipennis. Tribe Triarthriini. Family Tachinidae.
A gray tachinidae. Sometimes a bit paler than the tachinid fly in this picture. On the abdomen are gray bands.
April-September Two generations, sometimes three generations in warm areas.
Hosts: Earwigs (Forficulidae). Common earwig (Forficula auricularia), less often Forficula decipiens and Chelidura albipennis.
Europe. Introduced in North America. Photos 3-11-2013. Very late.

2-6-2014. Much paler.

A beautiful site with much information: The Garden Safari

Informatie about flies: www.diptera.info

A site that explains the construction of a fly (click on atlas): Anatomical Atlas of Flies

An English website about Tachinidae by Chris Raper: Tachinidae.org.uk

With the determination of Tachinidae I have had much help from Theo Zeegers, Chris Raper and Erikas Neprisikiski.
I have used information from Dr Hans-Peter Tschorsnig & Benno Herting, 1994. English translation: Rotraud Rayner & Chris Raper, 2001.

Nederlands / Dutch

Subpage flies: Tachinidae Blow-flies (Calliphoridae) House flies (Muscidae) Soldierflies (Stratiomyidae) Root-Maggot Flies (Anthomyiidae) Gnats Small flies Gnats

Subpage wasps, bees, bumblebees: Parasitica, Ichneumonidae Sawflies symphyta Bumblebees Bee hotel

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